Effectiveness of 0.35% Diluted Povidone- Iodine Irrigation on Bacterial Cultures: An In Vitro Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15417/issn.1852-7434.2025.90.1.2012Keywords:
Periprosthetic infection, McFarland scale, povidone-iodine, gram-negative microorganismAbstract
Introduction: Hip and knee arthroplasties are increasingly performed due to their excellent outcomes in pain relief and quality of life improvement. However, they are not free from complications, with periprosthetic infection being one of the most challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 0.35% diluted povidone-iodine irrigation against various microorganisms as a prophylactic measure against periprosthetic infections.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted using in vitro irrigation of 0.35% diluted povidone-iodine on bacterial cultures. Gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus faecalis) and gram-negative bacilli (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter sp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae) were studied to simulate intraoperative contamination. The bacterial inoculum was quantified using the Mc-Farland scale, reflecting concentrations similar to those expected in in vivo periprosthetic infections.
Results: Growth inhibition of Staphylococcus sp. (S. aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus) was observed in the presence of diluted povidone-iodine. However, there was no significant reduction in the colony-forming units of gram-negative bacilli treated with povidone-iodine.
Conclusions: Povidone-iodine diluted to 0.35% significantly inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus sp. However, gram-negative bacilli and Enterococcus sp. (E. faecalis) exhibited substantial colony growth, highlighting the limited efficacy of this dilution against these pathogens in vitro.
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